• Great Pyramid of Cheops (Khufu) - The Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest of the Egyptian pyramids and served as the tomb for Pharaoh Khufu, who reigned during the Fourth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom. Constructed around 2600 BC over approximately 26 years, it is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World and the only one that remains largely intact. It is the most renowned monument of the Giza pyramid complex, which is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site “Memphis and its Necropolis.” It is located at the northeastern end of the line of the three main pyramids at Giza.
• Khafre’s Pyramid - The Pyramid of Khafre, also known as the Pyramid of Chephren, is the middle pyramid of the three Ancient Egyptian Pyramids of Giza, being the second tallest and second largest. It is the only pyramid among the three that still retains cladding at the top. It served as the tomb for the Fourth-Dynasty Pharaoh Khafre (Chefren), who ruled around 2558−2532 BC. Similar to the Great Pyramid, a rock outcropping was used in its core. Due to the plateau’s slope, the northwest corner was cut 10 m (33 ft) into the rock subsoil, while the southeast corner was built up. The stones at the base are very large, but they become smaller as the pyramid rises, measuring only 50 cm (20 in) thick at the apex. The courses are rough and irregular for the first half of its height, but a narrow band of regular masonry is visible in the midsection. At the northwest corner, the bedrock was shaped into steps. Casing stones cover the top third of the pyramid, but the pyramidion and part of the apex are missing.
• Menkaure Pyramid - The Pyramid of Menkaure is the smallest of the three main pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex, located on the Giza Plateau in the southwestern outskirts of Cairo, Egypt. It is believed to have been constructed as the tomb for the Fourth Dynasty King Menkaure.

Size and construction

A diagram of the pyramid.
Menkaure’s pyramid originally stood at 65.5 meters (215 ft) and was the smallest of the three major pyramids at the Giza Necropolis. It now stands at 61 m (200 ft) tall with a base of 108.5 m (356 ft). Its angle of incline is approximately 51°20′25″. It was built using limestone and Aswan granite. The upper portion was traditionally cased with Tura limestone. The construction of the outer casing was halted at sixteen to eighteen layers of granite after Menkaure’s death, with only seven layers remaining today due to vandalism and erosion. Some of the granite was left unfinished.

• Great Sphinx - The Great Sphinx of Giza is a limestone statue of a reclining sphinx, a mythical creature with a human head and a lion’s body. Facing east, it is situated on the Giza Plateau on the west bank of the Nile in Giza, Egypt. The original form of the Sphinx was carved from the bedrock of the Eocene-aged Mokattam Formation and has been restored with layers of limestone blocks. It measures 73 m (240 ft) long from paw to tail, 20 m (66 ft) high from the base to the top of the head, and 19 m (62 ft) wide at its rear haunches. The Sphinx is the oldest known monumental sculpture in Egypt and one of the most recognizable statues worldwide. The identity of the Sphinx’s face is debated among scholars; it is thought to represent Pharaoh Khufu or one of his sons, Pharaohs Djedefre and Khafre. Archaeological evidence suggests it was created by ancient Egyptians of the Old Kingdom during the reign of Khufu (c. 2590–2566 BC) or Khafre (c. 2558–2532 BC).
• Giza Plateau - The Giza Plateau (Arabic: هضبة الجيزة) is a limestone plateau in Giza, Egypt, home to the Fourth Dynasty Giza pyramid complex, which includes the pyramids of Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure, the Great Sphinx, several cemeteries, a workers’ village, and an industrial complex. It forms the northernmost part of the 160 km2 (62 sq mi) Pyramid Fields on the Western Desert edge of the Nile Valley, part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, Memphis and its Necropolis.

• Tour guide
• Bottled water
• In-vehicle air conditioning

• Personal items
• Tipping

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